{"id":22,"date":"2008-07-23T18:00:26","date_gmt":"2008-07-23T17:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/federacia.co.uk\/?p=22"},"modified":"2008-08-21T23:25:46","modified_gmt":"2008-08-21T22:25:46","slug":"geoffrey-chaucer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/?p=22","title":{"rendered":"Geoffrey Chaucer"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Hoci \u017eil v\u00a014. storo\u010d\u00ed, jeho osobnos\u0165 a diela e\u0161te st\u00e1le in\u0161piruj\u00fa \u0161tudentov, u\u010dite\u013eov, liter\u00e1rnych kritikov, \u010di oby\u010dajn\u00fdch \u010ditate\u013eov, \u010do je zjavn\u00e9 aj v\u00a0mno\u017estve vedeck\u00fdch pr\u00e1Geoffrey Chaucer je jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch b\u00e1snikov v\u00a0anglickej literat\u00fare. H<\/span><\/span><\/span>c, t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa jeho \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Jeho akt\u00edvna kari\u00e9ra dvorana, aj diplomata v\u00a0slu\u017eb\u00e1ch kr\u00e1\u013ea aj aristokracie, mu umo\u017enila z\u00edskava\u0165 nielen poznatky o\u00a0\u013eu\u010foch a\u00a0r\u00f4znych z\u00e1le\u017eitostiach, ale aj mo\u017enos\u0165 cestova\u0165 a\u00a0lingvisticky sa obohacova\u0165. Po\u010das svojich ciest vo Franc\u00fazsku a\u00a0Taliansku spozn\u00e1val ich kult\u00faru, a \u00a0najm\u00e4 literat\u00faru. Popri svojej usilovnej pr\u00e1ci bolo o\u00a0\u0148om takmer nezn\u00e1me, \u017ee bol aj plodn\u00fd autor, ktor\u00fd v\u00fdznamne prispel k\u00a0rozvoju stredovekej angli\u010dtiny. T\u00e1 za\u010dala tlmi\u0165 vplyv franc\u00faz\u0161tiny ako jazyka dvornej po\u00e9zie.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Svoje najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161ie dielo, Canterbursk\u00e9 poviedky<\/em>, nap\u00edsal, ke\u010f u\u017e absolvoval r\u00f4zne aspekty p\u00edsania, po\u00e9ziu, \u010di pr\u00f3zu, t\u00e9my \u013eudskej, \u010di nadpozemskej l\u00e1sky, zdroje franc\u00fazske, talianske i\u00a0latinsk\u00e9, vplyvy svetsk\u00e9 aj n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9, svet aristokracie, \u010di neurodzen\u00fdch. Tieto vplyvy, ako aj mnoh\u00e9 in\u00e9, prispeli k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 z\u00a0jeho diel z\u00edska\u0165 jednoduch\u00fd, \u010di priamy v\u00fdznam. Pr\u00e1ve tento aspekt podmienil vznik pr\u00e1c, ktor\u00e9 sa venuj\u00fa Chaucerov\u00fdm zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostiam a\u00a0rozporuplnostiam. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Canterbursk\u00e9 poviedky<\/em> je nedokon\u010den\u00e1 kolekcia poviedok, ktor\u00e9 rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa p\u00fatnici na svojej ceste k\u00a0hrobu sv. Tom\u00e1\u0161a Becketa v\u00a0Canterbury. Rozpr\u00e1vanie pr\u00edbehov bolo v\u00a0stredoveku ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm liter\u00e1rnym \u0161t\u00fdlom, ktor\u00fd aj in\u00ed autori zachytili vo svojich dielach, napr\u00edklad Bacaccio vo svojom Decameron.<\/em> Z<\/span>drojom tak\u00e9ho v\u00fdberu boli stredovek\u00ed p\u00fatnici, ktor\u00ed boli zn\u00e1mi t\u00fdm, \u017ee si \u010das tr\u00e1ven\u00fd na p\u00fati kr\u00e1tili rozpr\u00e1van\u00edm pr\u00edbehov a zbierka tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edbehov bola v stredoveku obvykl\u00e1. Chaucerov p\u00f4vodn\u00fd z\u00e1mer bol tak\u00fd, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0t\u00fdchto tridsiatich p\u00fatnikov povedal dve poviedky na ceste do a\u00a0dve poviedky na ceste z\u00a0Canterbury. Av\u0161ak tento jeho z\u00e1mer sa neuskuto\u010dnil, lebo Chaucer nap\u00edsal iba 24 poviedok.<\/span> R\u00e1mec poviedok uzrel svetlo sveta pravdepodobne okolo roku 1387 ale vznik jednotlivych poviedok nie je zn\u00e1my. Manuskripty uchov\u00e1vaj\u00fa poviedky v\u00a0nedokon\u010denom stave, lebo Chaucerom neboli kone\u010dne upraven\u00e9, \u010di zoraden\u00e9. <\/span>V\u0161etci p\u00fatnici v Prol\u00f3gu <\/em>Canterbursk\u00fdch poviedok<\/em>, kde n\u00e1s autor oboznamuje s postavami <\/em><\/span>s\u00fahlasili, aby najlep\u0161ia poviedka bola odmenen\u00e1 ve\u010derou a rozhodne o tom hostinsk\u00fd Harry Bailly. P\u00fatnici-rozpr\u00e1va\u010di poviedok poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zo \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra spolo\u010dnosti, rozli\u010dn\u00fdch zamestnan\u00ed i\u00a0spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho postavenia. Aj samotn\u00e9 poviedky s\u00fa ve\u013emi r\u00f4znorod\u00e9 z\u00a0h\u013eadiska \u017e\u00e1nrov, t\u00f3nu, \u0161t\u00fdlu, hodn\u00f4t, \u010di zdrojov. Chaucer prev\u00e1dza dve fikcie simult\u00e1nne – fikciu jednotlivej poviedky a\u00a0fikciu p\u00fatnika. P\u00fatnici-rozpr\u00e1va\u010di s\u00fa op\u00edsan\u00ed v\u00a0Prol\u00f3gu<\/em> a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa prejavuj\u00fa vo svojich v\u00fdpovediach, \u010di v\u00fdmen\u00e1ch po\u010das rozpr\u00e1vania poviedok. <\/span>Asi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie a najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161ie poviedky s\u00fa nasledovn\u00e9 Poviedka statk\u00e1rova, Poviedka juristova, Poviedka oxfordsk\u00e9ho \u0161tudenta, Poviedka kupcova, Poviedka mlyn\u00e1rova a\u00a0 <\/span>Prol\u00f3g \u017eeny z Bathu. Niektor\u00e9 t\u00e9my, ako l\u00e1ska, cnosti, man\u017eelstvo, sa vyskytuj\u00fa vo viacer\u00fdch poviedkach, ke\u010f na ich prezent\u00e1ciu n\u00e1sledovne reaguj\u00fa in\u00ed rozpr\u00e1va\u010di vo svojich poviedkach. Chaucer v\u00a0poviedkach zobrazuje vz\u0165ahy mu\u017eov a\u00a0\u017eien, \u017eivotn\u00e9 postoje a\u00a0hodnoty v\u00a0r\u00f4znych vari\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, \u010di modeloch. Tieto t\u00e9my a\u00a0probl\u00e9my s\u00fa nad\u010dasov\u00e9, lebo sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed bez oh\u013eadu na spolo\u010dnos\u0165, \u010di dobu a\u00a0ur\u010dite maj\u00fa \u010do pon\u00faknu\u0165 aj dne\u0161n\u00e9mu modern\u00e9mu \u010ditate\u013eovi. Canterbursk\u00e9 poviedky<\/em> sa pr\u00e1vom zara\u010fuj\u00fa k\u00a0skvostom svetovej literat\u00fary a\u00a0oboznamenie sa s\u00a0nimi vrelo odpor\u00fa\u010dam.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Spracovala Mgr.Dana Ku\u010dma\u0161ov\u00e1<\/em><\/p>\n

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\u00a0 Hoci \u017eil v\u00a014. storo\u010d\u00ed, jeho osobnos\u0165 a diela e\u0161te st\u00e1le in\u0161piruj\u00fa \u0161tudentov, u\u010dite\u013eov, liter\u00e1rnych kritikov, \u010di oby\u010dajn\u00fdch \u010ditate\u013eov, \u010do je zjavn\u00e9 aj v\u00a0mno\u017estve vedeck\u00fdch pr\u00e1Geoffrey Chaucer je jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch b\u00e1snikov v\u00a0anglickej literat\u00fare. Hc, t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa jeho \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Jeho akt\u00edvna kari\u00e9ra dvorana, aj diplomata v\u00a0slu\u017eb\u00e1ch kr\u00e1\u013ea aj aristokracie, mu umo\u017enila z\u00edskava\u0165 nielen poznatky o\u00a0\u013eu\u010foch a\u00a0r\u00f4znych […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[13],"class_list":["post-22","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cislo-2","tag-pridat-novu-nalepku"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29,"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22\/revisions\/29"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/federacia.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}